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What is Cold Drawn Steel?

COLD DRAWING PRINCIPLE

Cold drawing is a processing technology of materials. For metal materials, cold drawing refers to drawing at room temperature in order to achieve a certain shape and certain mechanical properties.

Cold drawing is usually a process of forcibly drawing the material through the hard alloy wire drawing die hole, which is stronger than pure drawing.The cold drawn material is not only stretched longitudinally, but also subjected to lateral extrusion at the same time. After one or more times of cold drawing, the internal lattice slips, the tensile strength can be increased by 50% to 90%, and the hardness is increased, but the plasticity is significantly reduced.

Schematic diagram of cold drawing

WHAT IS THE DIMENSIONAL ACCURACY OF COLD DRAWN ROUND STEEL?

  • Diameter tolerance
Diameter,mm h8 h9 h10 h11
Tolerance deviation,mm
>3-6 0,-0.018 0,-0.030 0,-0.048 0,-0.075
>6-10 0,-0.022 0,-0.036 0,-0.058 0,-0.090
>10-18 0,-0.027 0,-0.043 0,-0.070 0,-0.110
>18-30 0,-0.033 0,-0.052 0,-0.084 0,-0.130
>30-50 0,-0.039 0,-0.062 0,-0.10 0,-0.160
>50-80 0,-0.046 0,-0.074 0,-0.120 0,-0.190
  • Product length & Tolerance
Product Variety Length of Finished Product Length Tolerance
Cold Drawing Product 1000-6000mm 0/+20mm
Grinding Prodcut 1000-4000mm 0/+20mm
  • Straightness Tolerance
Product Mode Straightness Tolerance,mm
Standard Cold Drawing 0.7/1000-0.5/1000
Precision & High Precision 0.4/1000
  • Surface Roughness
Product Mode
Surface Roughness,Ra(μm) Grinding High Precision Cold Drawing Precision Cold Drawing Standard Cold Drawing
0.4 0.8 1.6 3.2

WHAT SHAPES AND SIZE OF COLD DRAWN STEEL CAN BE MADE?

Shapes Size Length
Round Ф4-Ф100mm 5-8m,Can be fixed to length
Hexagon S6-S75 5-8m,Can be fixed to length
Square 5×5-70×70 5-8m,Can be fixed to length
Flat 2×10-20×140 5-8m,Can be fixed to length
Irregular Accumulated more than 800 types,discuss separately 5-8m,Can be fixed to length
Special Requirements Processing according to customer’s design
cold drawn round bar
cold drawn square bar
cold drawn hexagonal steel
cold drwan Irregular steel
cold drwan Irregular steel
cold drwan Irregular steel

WHICH STEEL GRADES ARE SUITABLE FOR COLD DRAWN STEEL?

Steel Type ASTM/SAE JIS EN/DIN
Quality Carbon Steel 1010,1018,1020,
1035,1045,1055,1060
S10C,S20C,S35C,
S45C,S55C
C15,C22,C35,
C45,C55,C60
Alloy Structure Steel 5120,5140,4135,
4140,4340
SMn420,SCr440,
SCM430,SCM440,SNCM439
41Cr4,34CrMo4,
25CrMo4,42CrMo4,34CrNiMo6
Spring Steel 1066,6150 SUP6,SUP10 51CrV4
Bearing Steel 52100 SUJ2 100Cr6
Stainless Steel 410,420 SUS410,SUS420 X20Cr13,X30Cr13
Tool Steel M2 SKH9 1.3343
Free Cutting Steel 1212,11L08,1215,
12L13
SUM21,SUM32,
SUM22L,SUM42
10S20,10SPb20,
9SMnPb28

WHAT ARE ADVANTAGES FOR COLD DRAWN STEEL?

  • Good Surface Quality

Before cold drawing, the material needs to be pickled to remove rust, and through phosphating and saponification treatment to form a dense metal soap film on the outer surfaces to reduce the friction between the material and the mold, and finally through the cold extrusion technology to make the surface of cold drawn steel becomes bright and smooth.

  • High Accuracy

According to the design plan, cold-drawn steel has different shapes of abrasive tools, and cold-drawn different cross-sectional shapes, different specifications, and size tolerances. The angle of view can be designed as an oblique angle or arc.Cold-drawn steel uses high-quality cemented carbide molds  to to ensure precise and uniform dimensional tolerances.

  • Save Production Time

Due to its good surface quality and high dimensional accuracy, the surface layer grows steadily, and cold drawn products can be applied immediately, such as painting, sanding, bending, punching, or electroplating process immediately after fine drawing according to specific regulations,eliminating a lot of mechanical processing time and save the cost of equipping processing equipment.

  • Save Raw Material

The cold drawing process is to transform the raw materials to the required shape, specifications and dimensional tolerances by hot forging. The loss of raw materials is very small.Relatively, using traditional CNC lathes to process the raw materials lost in drilling,and cutting materials, the saving of raw materials is obvious,especially when the amount of raw materials used is large, more raw materials will be  saved considerably.

COLD DRAWN STEEL APPLICATIONS

  • Automobile Industry

In automobile manufacturing, the largest number of cold-drawn steels are used in trucks and large passenger cars, which are mainly used to make carriage frames, wall panels, bottom plates, body frames, bottom beams, and door and window frames. The situation for medium-sized passenger cars is similar to that of large passenger cars. There are many varieties and specifications used in small cars, and most of the cross-sections are more complex, and the dimensional accuracy requirements are strict.

Automobile industry

Trucks (including light trucks) use the largest number of cold-drawn sections in the compartment. According to different car models, the structure of the car model is also different. For example, the wall panel of the car compartment and the frame of the car compartment are integrated as a whole, and the components are of the same thickness; while the wall panel of the car compartment and the frame of the car compartment of some models are a separate component,and the thicknesses of the two components are different.

  • Shipbuilding Industry

Due to the harsh working environment of the ship, the hull shell is subject to chemical corrosion, electrochemical corrosion of seawater and corrosion of marine organisms and microorganisms; the hull is subjected to large wind and wave shocks and alternating loads; The steel requirements for hull structure are strict.

Shipbuilding Industry

First of all, good toughness is the most critical requirement. In addition, high strength, good corrosion resistance, welding performance, processability and surface quality are required. Cold drawn products can well meet the above requirements.

  • Hardware Industry

Cold drawn products used in the hardware industry mainly include:

①Locks: exterior door locks, handle locks, drawer locks, ball door locks, glass window locks, electronic locks, chain locks, anti-theft locks, bathroom locks, padlocks, etc

② Doors and windows: rails, latches (light and dark), door suction, floor suction, floor spring, door clip, door closer, plate pin, etc

③Architectural hardware: stainless steel pipes, rivets, cement nails, advertising nails, mirror nails, expansion bolts, self-tapping screws, goods support tools, hacksaws, hand saw blades, pliers, screwdrivers (slotted, cross), tape measure,etc

④Kitchen and home appliance hardware: kitchen cabinet pendants, sinks, sink faucets, scrubbers, range hoods, gas stoves, ovens, water heaters, pipes, natural gas, liquefaction tanks, gas heating stoves, dishwashers, disinfection cabinets, etc.

Hardware industry

  • Machinery Industry

Cold drawn products used in the machinery industry mainly include:

①Basic machinery: bearings, hydraulic parts, seals, powder metallurgy products, standard fasteners, industrial chains, gears, molds, etc.

②Construction machinery: forklifts, shovel transport machinery, compaction machinery, concrete machinery, etc.

③ Machine tools: metal cutting machine tools, forging machines, casting machines, woodworking machines, etc.

④Environmental protection machinery: water pollution prevention and control equipment, air pollution prevention and control equipment, solid waste treatment equipment, etc.

⑤Packaging machinery: packaging machines, case packing machines, conveyors, etc.

Machinery Industry

THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT AND TREND OF COLD DRAWN STEEL

At present, due to its own advantages, cold drawn materials have been widely used in various industries, such as various building structures and engineering structures, machinery, ships, automobiles and hardware parts.

The development of cold drawing technology has achieved good economic benefits. From the perspective of industry development trends, cold drawing should focus more on the following points.

  • Cold drawing of special materials
  • Development and design of cold drawing dies
  • High precision control of surface and size
  • Fully automatic integrated operation

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